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Dia 10: Safari 4×4 a la península del Sinaí: Ascensió a Serabit El-Khadim + Descens cap al poblat beduí + Sortida cap a Santa Catalina + Oasis de Feiran

Avui pel matí farem un petit trekking i pujarem a les muntanyes de Serabit El-Khadim, on a la seva cima visitarem al Temple de la Devesa Hathor, construït per la famosa reina Hatshepsut de la XVIII dinastia. Dinarem al mateix poble beduí de Serabit El-Khadim i per la tarda conduïrem fins a Santa Catalina, on de camí ens aturarem al bíblic Oasis de Feiran.
Índex:
1. Ascensió a Serabit El-Khadim
2. Descens cap al poblat beduí
3. Sortida cap a Santa Catalina
4. Oasis de Feiran

1. Ascensió a Serabit El-Khadim

Serabit El-Khadim significa “la muntanya del servent”, i es troba en una zona minera on s’extraguéren turqueses des de l’antiguitat, principalment pels habitants de l’Antic Egipte.

Ascensió a la muntanya de “Serabit El-Khadim”
Tipologia de desert de pedres
Paisatge típic de la zona al Desert del Sinaí
Expedicionaris del trekking: un jove beduí, el guia de parla espanyola, el guia anglès i nosaltres

Les excavacions arqueològiques portades a terme per Sir Flinders Petrie, varen mostrar un campament miner i un temple, el de Hathor, la devesa local “Dama de la turquesa”, la protectora de les regions del desert. Es va trobar una esfinx de pedra, amb una doble inscripció, en jeroglífics ni signes proto-sinaítics. La seva traducció ha mostrat que es tractava d’una dedicatòria a Baalat, la devesa de la turquesa. Baalat és el femení de Baal, una paraula molt utilitzada en la Bíblia per a referir-se als ídos i déus pagans. La inscripció de l’estàtua és l’única que s’ha desxifrat. Es constata una freqüent assistència al lloc, per la gran quantitat d’altars dedicats a Hathor repartits per tot el temple.

Ruïnes del temple de Hathor
El temple es deu a que fou una antiga mina d’època faraònica

A Serabit El-Khadim hi ha un temple doble dedicat a Hathor i Sopedu, éssent el santuari miner més gran de l’Antic Egipte. Construït sobre un altiplà rocós que domina tot el lloc, el temple té dos “hemispeos”: un doble eix amb una successió de sales en paral·lel a altres dues de culte, excavades en part a la muntanya. El santuari, construït en l’Imperi Mig, es va ampliar en l’Imperi Nou, però només en l’eix dedicat a Hathor. El temple original s’orienta al llarg d’un eix sudest-nordest, però degut a la falta d’espai, els reis de l’Imperi Nou no varen poder engrandir-lo en la direcció precisa, la nordoest, per lo què fa una lleugera corba.

Els minerals del Sinaí fóren explotats des de l’Antic Egipte
Descens cap al poblat beduí

Encara que el temple està dedicat conjuntament a dos déus, Hathor segueix éssent la mestra indiscutible. Sopedu exerceix un paper secundari, però no insignificant; déu guerrer associat a l’Est i al desert, guarda frontera oriental d’Egipte i protegeix als homes dels perills inherents a zones inhòspites. A més d’aquests dos séus principals, es constata la presència de un déu carner originari del Delta del Nil i del déu Ptah de Menfis.

2. Descens cap al poblat beduí

Descens cap al poblat beduí
Casa dels beduïns, a Serabit El-Khadim
Assentament beduí, amb els vaixells del desert aparcats
Assentament beduí de Serabit El-Khadim

Ens despedim dels beduïns i emprendrem el viatge cap a Santa Catalina.

3. Sortida cap a Santa Catalina

Paisatges del cor del Sinaí, anant cap a Santa Catalina.

4. Oasis de Feiran

La regió del Sinaí és una zona molt especial d’Egipte, fortament connectada amb la història del cristianisme i amb varis passatges de la Bíblia, que transcórren en aquests paratges. Feiran, un oasis que s’extén en el camí entre el Golf de Suez i el Monastir de Santa Catalina, és probablement un dels llocs més místics. Explica el llibre sagrat que Moisès, en companyia del seu poble, va creuar els oasis més importants del sud del Sinaí. A Wadi Feiran, el més gran de tots, fou on va trencar una pedra i d’ella va brollar aigua que va abastir a l’exhausta comitiva. Des dels primers segles de la nostra era, els assentaments al voltant d’aquest oasis van desenvolupar-se amb sorprenent generositat. El més antic d’ells data del segle II, i nombroses esglésies han deixat les seves ruïnes com a testimoni de la importància religiosa d’aquest lloc.

Oasis de Feiran

D’aquí a Santa Catalina hi ha uns 60 kilòmetres, que es fan amb un xic més d’1 hora. Avui dormirem allí.

Adjunto un mapa de google maps amb el marcatge del recorregut realitzat en el dia d’avui i també amb la ubicació dels principals atractius i monuments que hem visitat:

10 respostes a “Dia 10: Safari 4×4 a la península del Sinaí: Ascensió a Serabit El-Khadim + Descens cap al poblat beduí + Sortida cap a Santa Catalina + Oasis de Feiran”

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